一种工业热源提取方法:利用温度特征模板的BP神经网络     

李博  范俊甫  韩留生  孙广伟  张大富  张盼盼 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(3):533-545

针对年尺度热异常数据提取工业热源的方法存在数量和空间精细化程度不足的问题,使用VIIRS Active Fire数据,提出了一种基于温度特征模板的BP神经网络工业热源提取方法。该方法以京津冀及周边地区为试验区,首先,根据工业热源空间聚集性特征,使用OPTICS算法划分热源对象;其次,根据热源的热辐射特征,构建工业热源与非工业热源温度特征模板;最后,以温度特征模板、热源统计特征等作为参数,使用BP神经网络提取工业热源对象。结果表明：① 本文提出的基于温度特征模板的BP神经网络算法的工业热源提取精度达到了96.31%,与时间滤波、逻辑回归方法相比较,工业热源提取精度分别提高了8.45%、7.53%;② 2015—2020年京津冀及周边地区6省市工业热源数量整体减少了27.46%;河北省工业热源对象数量和热异常点数量年均减少了8.06%和7.44%,相对于其他省市减少幅度最大;山东、天津的工业热源集中度分别提高了25.72%、86.64%,说明两地工业转型升级政策取得较显著成效;③ 唐山、邯郸、吕梁和长治4个城市工业热源对象数量占试验区全部的31.37%,为京津冀及周边地区工业热源主要分布城市;临汾、太原等7个城市工业热源聚集程度和能源消耗程度高于其他城市;北京、周口等11个城市工业热源聚集程度和能源消耗程度低于其他城市;④ 2020年1—5月,京津冀及周边地区工业热异常点数量相对于2019、2021年同期保持不变或增加,新冠疫情对试验区工业热源无显著影响;2020年1、2月武汉工业热异常点数量与2019、2021年同期相比数量减少了66.67%以上,2020年3—5月工业热异常点数量低于2019年同期,2020年1—5月新冠疫情对武汉市工业热源影响显著。该研究反映了京津冀及周边地区工业热源发展的现状及趋势,能够为降低能耗和提高第二产业集中度等相关政策的制定与调整提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

基于潮汐动态淹没过程的长江口潮滩地形信息反演研究     

章敏  吴文挺  汪小钦  孙玉 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(3):583-596

潮滩是陆地与海洋之间重要的生态过渡地带,具有复杂的生态过程和重要的服务功能。受陆海交互作用及人类活动的影响,潮滩处于高度动态变化过程中,而传统测绘技术受到潮滩可达性影响无法快速获取潮滩地形信息。为解决潮滩高程数据获取困难的问题,本文提出一种基于潮汐动态淹没过程和时序遥感影像的潮滩地形信息提取算法,利用K-means++聚类方法实现水域提取,并通过时序淹没特征计算潮滩淹没频率提取潮滩范围信息,最终综合区域潮汐特征反演潮滩地形。研究以崇明东滩为例,利用2016—2020年所有可用Sentinel-2和Landsat-8时序遥感影像,实现潮滩范围提取与高程反演,并通过实测高程数据进行精度验证。研究结果表明,潮滩范围提取总体精度为97.73%,F1_score为0.98;高程反演平均绝对误差为0.15 m,潮滩高程的反演精度与可用影像的数量呈正相关。研究利用该算法进一步反演长江口地区主要潮滩地形特征,结果表明区域内潮滩面积为346.93 km²,高程范围为1.00~3.84 m,且与现有潮滩范围数据集相比,本研究提取的长江口潮滩范围更为完整。该算法为潮滩地形的快速反演提供了可能,对潮滩资源动态监测和管理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

面向高分遥感影像道路提取的轻量级双注意力和特征补偿残差网络模型     

陈振  陈芸芝  吴婷  李佳优 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(5):949-961

针对高分辨率遥感影像背景复杂,道路提取容易受阴影、建筑物和铁路等背景信息干扰的问题,提出一种带有轻量级双注意力和特征补偿机制的DAFCResUnet模型。该模型在ResUnet的基础上,通过增加轻量级的双注意力和特征补偿模块实现模型在性能和时空复杂度上的平衡。其中,双注意力模块可以增强模型的特征提取能力,特征补偿模块可以融合网络中来自深浅层的道路特征。在DeepGlobe和GF-2道路数据集上的实验结果表明,DAFCResUnet模型的IoU和F1-score可以达到0.6713、0.8033和0.7402、0.8507,模型的整体精度优于U-Net、ResUnet和VNet模型。与U-Net和ResUnet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型仅增加了少量的计算量和参数量,但IoU和F1-score均有较大幅度的提高;与VNet模型相比,DAFCResUnet模型在计算量和参数量远低于VNet的情况下取得了更高的精度,模型在精度和时空复杂度两方面均有优势。相比其他对比模型,DAFCResUnet模型具有更强的特征提取和抗干扰能力,能更好解决道路上的干扰物、与道路特征相似地物、树荫或阴影遮挡等造成的道路空洞、误提和漏提现象。  相似文献   

顾及多因子影响的中国区域T_m模型精化研究     

李浩杰  刘立龙  黄良珂  莫智翔  蔡猛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(4):393-397

利用中国区域2015~2017年探空数据,建立一种顾及地表温度、地表水汽压、高程和纬度的中国区域大气加权平均温度T_m模型（BET模型）。以2018年探空站T_m数据为参考值,分析BET模型精度,并与Bevis模型和GPT3模型进行对比。结果表明,BET模型年均RMSE与bias分别为3.15 K和0.04 K,相比于Bevis模型、1°×1°分辨率的GPT3模型和5°×5°分辨率的GPT3模型,年均RMSE分别降低29.2%、32.8%和39.1%,年均bias分别降低96.4%、96.7%和97.4%,且该模型在中国区域不同高程和纬度上的精度与稳定性优于Bevis模型和GPT3模型。  相似文献   

Enhanced Biodegradation of High-Salinity and Low- Temperature Crude-Oil Wastewater by Immobilized Crude-Oil Biodegrading Microbiota     

HUANG Xiao  ZHOU Ting  CHEN Xi  BAI Jie  ZHAO Yangguo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):141-151

High salt and low temperature are the bottlenecks for the remove of oil contaminants by enriched crude-oil degrading microbiota in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland(LEW),China.To improve the performance of crude-oil removal,microbiota was further immobilized by two methods,i.e.,sodium alginate(SA),and polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate(PVA+SA).Results showed that the crude oil was effectively removed by the enrichment with an average degrading ratio of 19.42-31.45 mg(L d)^?1.The optimal inoculum size for the n-alkanes removal was 10%and 99.89%.Some members of genera Acinetobacter,Actinophytocola,Aquabac-terium,Dysgonomonas,Frigidibacter,Sphingobium,Serpens,and Pseudomonas dominated in crude-oil degrading microflora.Though the removal efficiency was lower than free bacteria when the temperature was 15℃,SA and PVA+SA immobilization im-proved the resistance to salinity.The composite crude-oil degrading microbiota in this study demonstrated a perspective potential for crude oil removal from surface water under high salinity and low temperature conditions.  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Acoustic Reflection Characteristics of Seafloor Surface Sediments     

ZOU Dapeng  YE Guican  LIU Wei  SUN Han  LI Jun  XIAO Tibing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):62-68

Because the sound speeds of seawater and seafloor sediment both increase with temperature,the influence of tempera-ture on the bottom reflection characteristics of seafloor sediments needs to be investigated.Based on the calculation of the temperature-controlled experimental measurement data of typical seafloor surface sediment samples,the temperature-dependent acoustic characteristics,including acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio between surface sediment and seawater,and reflection coefficient,were analyzed.The effective density fluid model was used to analyze and explain the reflection coefficient variation of surface sediments with temperature and predict the dispersion characteristics.Results show that the acoustic impedance of the seabed sediment increases with temperature,whereas the acoustic impedance ratio and acoustic reflection coefficient slightly decrease.The acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio,and acoustic reflection coefficient of sandy,silty,and clayey sediments vary similarly with tem-perature variation.Moreover,the influence of temperature on these acoustic characteristics is independent of detection frequencies.  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献   

Homogenization of the Daily Land Surface Temperature over the Mainland of China from 1960 through 2017     

Dan WANG  Aihui WANG  Xianghui KONG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(11):1811-1822

Land surface temperature(LST) is one of the most important factors in the land-atmosphere interaction process. Raw measured LSTs may contain biases due to instrument replacement, changes in recording procedures, and other non-climatic factors. This study attempts to reduce the above biases in raw daily measurements and achieves a homogenized daily LST dataset over China using 2360 stations from 1960 through 2017. The high-quality land surface air temperature(LSAT)dataset is used to correct the LST warming biases especially evident during cold months in regions north of 40°N due to the replacement of observation instruments around 2004. Subsequently, the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization(MASH) method is adopted to detect and then adjust the daily observed LST records. In total, 3.68 × 103 effective breakpoints in 1.65 × 106 monthly records(about 20%) are detected. A large number of these effective breakpoints are located over large parts of the Sichuan Basin and southern China. After the MASH procedure, LSTs at more than 80% of the breakpoints are adjusted within +/– 0.5°C, and of the remaining breakpoints, only 10% are adjusted over 1.5°C.Compared to the raw LST dataset over the whole domain, the homogenization significantly reduces the mean LST magnitude and its interannual variability as well as its linear trend at most stations. Finally, we perform preliminary analysis upon the homogenized LST and find that the annual mean LST averaged across China shows a significant warming trend [0.22°C(10 yr)–1]. The homogenized LST dataset can be further adapted for a variety of applications(e.g.,model evaluation and extreme event characterization).  相似文献   

Influence of Sea Surface Temperature on the Predictability of Idealized Tropical Cyclone Intensity     

钟权加  李建平  李舒文  王羱  丁瑞强  张立凤 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(4):355-367

The role of sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the development and predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is examined using a large set of idealized numerical experiments in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results indicate that the onset time of rapid intensification of TC gradually decreases, and the peak intensity of TC gradually increases, with the increased magnitude of SST. The predictability limits of the maximum 10 m wind speed (MWS) and minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) are ~72 and ~84 hours, respectively. Comparisons of the analyses of variance for different simulation time confirm that the MWS and MSLP have strong signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from 0-72 hours and a marked decrease beyond 72 hours. For the horizontal and vertical structures of wind speed, noticeable decreases in the magnitude of SNR can be seen as the simulation time increases, similar to that of the SLP or perturbation pressure. These results indicate that the SST as an external forcing signal plays an important role in TC intensity for up to 72 hours, and it is significantly weakened if the simulation time exceeds the predictability limits of TC intensity.  相似文献   

浅谈多传感器融合技术在气象观测中应用          下载免费PDF全文

张瑞  蒲小兰  周宇 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(2):118-120

多传感器融合技术现阶段在气象观测中的应用主要体现在气温降水多传感器上,多传感器的正式运行减轻了地面气象观测人工维护工作量,确保气温与雨量数据的完整性,但在使用中发现多传感器融合观测存在的一些问题,如果能完善解决这些问题,则能进一步提高气温降水观测数据的准确性,实现全方位地面观测自动化。  相似文献